Psychological Science (Third Edition)
Language: English
Pages: 864
ISBN: 0393934217
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
A dynamic, student-centered textbook that brings together the science of psychology and the science of learning.
Michael Gazzaniga, Todd Heatherton, and new coauthor Diane Halpern present the latest developments in psychology in an engaging, visually stimulating format. The text enhances student understanding and stimulates active learning with Halpern’s unique science-of-learning pedagogical system; relevant, real world examples; and an art program tailored especially for visual learners. Instructors and students will benefit from the most integrated media package available for an introductory course.
trigger k-complexes; and that as people age and sleep lighter, their EEGs show fewer sleep spindles—indicate that the brain must work to maintain sleep. The progression to deep sleep occurs through stages 3 and 4, which are marked by large, regular brain patterns called delta waves. This period is often referred to as slow-wave sleep. People in slow-wave sleep are very hard to wake and often very disoriented when they do wake up. However, people still process some information in stage 4, as the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Perception Introduces the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Memory Improves over Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 Piaget
hypotheses to test your theory, you must do research, which involves the systematic and careful collection of data, or objective information that provides a test of whether the hypothesis—and ultimately, the corresponding theory—is likely to be supported.To test the hypothesis about women’s desire for fun after work, for example, you might ask women to rate how much fun they have at work and how often they do something fun after work. Or you could use brain imaging techniques to see if women who
and they can be jeopardized when (not if ) some participants drop out of the experiment over time. By contrast, cross-sectional designs are faster and less expensive, but they include the possibility that some unidentified variable is responsible for any difference FIGURE 2.4 Longitudinal Studies The Up series of documentary films is an ongoing longitudinal study that since 1964 has traced the development of 14 British people from various socioeconomic backgrounds. New material has been
research-based questions is how to frame the questions; there are several options. Open-ended questions allow respondents to provide any answer they think of and to answer in as much detail as they feel is appropriate. In contrast, closed-ended questions require respondents to select among a fixed number of options, as in a multiple-choice exam. Ultimately, the researcher decides what style of question will provide the most appropriate information for the hypothesis being investigated. Like all