The Psychology Book (Big Ideas Simply Explained)
Language: English
Pages: 352
ISBN: 0756689708
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Clearly explaining more than 100 groundbreaking ideas in the field, The Psychology Book uses accessible text and easy-to-follow graphics and illustrations to explain the complex theoretical and experimental foundations of psychology.
From its philosophical roots through behaviorism, psychotherapy, and developmental psychology, The Psychology Book looks at all the greats from Pavlov and Skinner to Freud and Jung, and is an essential reference for students and anyone with an interest in how the mind works.
scales “Neuroticism” was Eysenck’s name for a personality dimension that ranges from emotionally calm and stable at one extreme, to nervous and easily upset at the other. He claimed that neurotics (at the less stable end of the spectrum) have a low activation threshold in terms of triggering the sympathetic nervous system, which is the part of the brain that activates the “fight or flight” response. People with this more responsive system are hyperactive in this
noise. Watson also wanted to find out whether such a fear would transfer to other animals or objects; and how long this fear would persist. Today, his methods would be considered unethical and even cruel, but at the time they were seen as a logical and natural progression from previous animal studies. In the now famous “Little Albert experiment,” Watson placed the healthy but “on the whole stolid and unemotional” baby Albert on a mattress and then observed his
France, without any relatives. Largely self-taught, Cyrulnik eventually studied medicine at the University of Paris. Realizing he wanted to reevaluate his own life, he began to study psychoanalysis and later neuropsychiatry. He has devoted his career to working with traumatized children. Key works 1992 The Dawn of Meaning 2004 The Whispering of Ghosts 2009 Resilience See also: Sigmund Freud • John Bowlby • Charlotte Bühler • George Kelly • Jerome Kagan IN
bring the body’s “animal” magnetism back into a harmonious state. Lucid sleep Faria saw his role as a “concentrator,” helping his subject get into the right state of mind. In On The Cause of Lucid Sleep, he describes his method: “After selecting subjects with the right aptitude, I ask them to relax in a chair, shut their eyes, concentrate their attention, and think about sleep. As they quietly await further instructions, I gently or commandingly say:
Professor of Psychology at UCSF in 1972, and remained there until his retirement in 2004. Key works 1985 Telling Lies 2003 Emotions Revealed 2008 Emotional Awareness See also: William James • Sigmund Freud • Gordon H. Bower • Nico Frijda • Charlotte Bühler • René Diatkine • Stanley Schachter IN CONTEXT APPROACH Positive psychology BEFORE 1943 Abraham Maslow’s A Theory of Human Motivation lays the foundations for a humanistic psychology. 1951 Carl