Encyclopedia of Agrophysics (Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series)
Language: English
Pages: 1028
ISBN: 9048135842
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series.
In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries.
Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc.
Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.
Enschede The Netherlands sekhar.lk@gmail.com lukose11753@itc.nl Miroslav Kutílek Nad Patankou 34 160 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic miroslav.kutilek@volny.cz Yakov Kuzyakov Department of Agroecosystem Research University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany Patrick Lavelle IRD/UPMC Université Paris 6, CIAT Cali Colombia Patrick.Lavelle@bondy.ird.fr Naftali Lazarovitch Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands Jacob Blaustein
for soil matrix is the mineral matrix, which comprise mainly clay minerals, amorphous compounds, metal oxides, and talus. In contrast to cluster, the matrix has no limitations by maximal size. The terms “matrix” and “cluster” are tightly bound. The matrix is one the strongest factors, which stabilizes cluster in soils, and a basement for generation of surface cluster structures. In the information transfer of structure from mineral base to interacting compounds, the key role belongs to active
are used to compare different tyre sizes. Similar formulae on soft soils considering the ratio q between tyre height and section width for normal profile (q ! 0.8) and for low size profile (0.8 < q < 0.6) are also given (Diserens, 2002). For hard surface, Steiner (1979) developed two algorithms for cross ply and radial tyres, both for normal profile with inflation pressure ranging between 80 and 220 kPa and wheel load between 5 and 25 kN, taking into account the wheel load, tyre diameter, and
external), adsorption in biological cells, and pore adsorption. Adsorption is not usually very strong when chemical adsorption is excluded. The state of internal water can be expressed by the relative chemical potential that is termed water potential (Oertli, 1976; Moore, 1972). This term is in direct relation to the adsorption enthalpy. The state of water vapor in the surrounding air is well described by the relative pressure that is termed water activity (Daniels and Alberty, 1961). Water
Gibbs potential so that its value represents also the adsorption enthalpy in conditions that the difference between entropy of water in the material and entropy of water in the pure state can be omitted (Daniels and Alberty, 1961). Water potential is frequently used to describe the status of water in living organisms (See Water Effects on Physical Properties of Raw Materials and Foods) (Oertli, 1976) and in soil (Blahovec, 2008). Binding of water in the product is expressed by the negative value